Cause: Choking can be due to a genetic abnormality related to a particular variety or off-type, or from stresses (water-logging, cold, water or nutrient shortage, 2,4-D, banana streak virus and bunchy top). These causes limit the normal elongation of the true stem so that the leaves appear ‘bunched up’. 

Solution: Choose varieties less prone to choking and cull tissue-cultured off-types showing these symptoms. Check for diagnostic virus indicators. Improve management to limit stresses on plant.